During the 1960s and 1970s, the Democratic Fourth Brigade in She County, Anhui organized its members to engage in collective sideline businesses, primarily in forestry. The brigade effectively leveraged both internal and external advantages in sideline production, enhancing the organizational and financial management of its sideline workforce. This led to the establishment of a comprehensive management system, which ensured the continuous and stable growth of sideline activities. These activities became a significant aspect of the brigade's operations beyond traditional agriculture. In the collectivized rural economy, which was predominantly agricultural, sideline production broadened the brigade's operational scope, absorbed surplus labor, and created new income sources for both the brigade and its members' families. This initiative represents a proactive approach to alleviating the "over-intensification" of agricultural labor in mountainous brigades and reflects broader socio-economic transformations in rural China during the era of collectivization.

Microloans refer to loan services provided to low-income groups. In the early years following the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin experienced rampant speculation and high inflation, leading to a lack of operating capital among small businesses. The Cooperative Department of the People's Bank of Tianjin was the first to pilot microloan services, subsequently collaborating with the banking sector to establish the Tianjin Microloan Consortium. From its inception in August 1950 until its closure in June 1952, the consortium significantly assisted small businesses in Tianjin by providing essential support for their production and distribution activities. In collaboration with the People's Bank of China, it helped combat black market activities and usury, promoting the reestablishment of market credit. Furthermore, it supported the establishment of joint ventures in line with national policies. Despite its short lifespan, the Tianjin Microloan Consortium marked a significant innovation in the early years of the People's Republic of China, demonstrating the state and private banks' joint efforts in microloan operations. This initiative, guided by national policies, showcased the elements of planning and collectivism, providing valuable lessons for the transition to socialism.

The current "segmented management" system in the Chaohu Basin, based on reductionism and bureaucratism, has led to a fragmented governance reality in ecological and environmental protection. Integrated protection adopts the holistic approach to basin ecology, supported by the theory of basin ecosystem management, national political decisions, and both domestic and international experiences in integrated basin protection. This approach is necessary for the ecological and environmental protection of the Chaohu Basin. From a legal practice perspective, there exsit challenges: legislative dilemmas due to structural imbalances and a dispersed system, enforcement difficulties stemming from fragmentation, and judicial issues dominated by cross-regional judicial models. Moving forward, adhering to the rule of law logic for integrated basin protection, it is essential to propose comprehensive legislation for the Chaohu Basin, enhance the comprehensive law enforcement mechanism for ecological and environmental protection, and refine the specialized judicial strategies within the basin. These steps are crucial to a robust legal system that supports the integrated protection of the Chaohu Basin.

In the context of culture and tourism integration, this study leverages the rapid development of the tourism and cultural economy to refine the cultural visual symbols of Chaohu folk songs and enhance the artistic character of Chaohu city by integrating intangible cultural heritage with digital solutions. Focusing on Chaohu folk songs, the study analyzes their current development, cultural characteristics, and the related urban development challenges. It also examines issues including the transmission mode of digital cultural and creative products and the transformation of cultural symbols. The study explores the significance and value of local folklore in enhancing city character under the culture and tourism integration framework and proposes methods for integrating Chaohu folk song elements with digital cultural and creative products. The innovative approaches and ideas for merging digital technology with local folk songs represent a new pathway for preserving Chaohu's intangible cultural heritage and enhancing the city's character. Chaohu folk songs not only enrich the city's cultural foundation but also play a crucial role in shaping the city's image, enhancing tourist experiences, driving industrial innovation, strengthening the city's soft power, and promoting social harmony and cultural confidence.

The military logistics operations of the Communist Party of China (CPC), were successfully initiated during the Agrarian Revolutionary War, progressively refined during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and matured during the Liberation War. This progression ensured the survival, development, and combat readiness of the military, and led to the development of Mao Zedong's Military Thought. The evolution and significant accomplishments of these operations offer valuable historical insights for modernizing current military logistics, including the importance of economic development, rear area construction, strengthening of logistics systems, enhancement of logistical support capabilities, and cultivation of a skilled logistics workforce. The logistics operations of the CPC's military during the New Democratic Revolution underscore that the military is a collection of concrete "people" engaged in warfare, rather than an abstract war machine. The victory of the New Democratic Revolution was also a triumph for the Party's military logistics operations. The degree of military logistics modernization is a critical measure of a world-class army.

Based on the examination of the traditional philosophical model of the relationship between reason and passion, and drawing on the philosophical thoughts of Plato and Kant, Korsgaard proposes a "constitutive model" that understands the relationship between reason and passion as fundamentally different from the "antagonistic model", which views them as inherently opposed. She argues that action arises from a unified self that transcends the dichotomous and antagonistic structure of reason and passion, and that reason, passion, and desire should be harmoniously integrated into a unified acting subject. Inspired by the philosophies of Plato and Kant, Korsgaard further points out that the basis for genuine autonomy and moral action lies in a self guided by rational and just principles. Through her reinterpretation of Kantian and Platonic philosophy, Korsgaard's theory of self-constitution highlights the central role of rational order and moral principles in shaping individual integrity and guiding ethical behavior.

Rural grassroots party organizations are pivotal and central to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. They are crucial for carrying out the policies that benefit the populace, and for the development of rural infrastructure and economic growth. This paper examines the construction of rural grassroots party organizations in S City using scientific research methodologies and quantitative data models. It identifies three main issues that impair the functional effectiveness of some rural grassroots party organizations: insufficient organizational strength, weak leadership from the leadership team, and lack of cohesion among party members. The paper proposes three strategic approaches to address these challenges: reinforcing the Party's comprehensive leadership over rural affairs, focusing on key "minorities" within the leadership, and improving the education and training of party members.

Bashu is the place where Lu You spent the longest period of his life in exile. The process of his exile and the changes in the man-land relationship during this period are worthy of attention. During his time in Bashu, Lu You generally maintained a state of alienation from Kuizhou. In contrast, he showed an attitude of integration towards Nanzheng, but this was short-lived due to the brief duration of his stay. In the region of Shuzhong, represented by Chengdu, Lu You exhibited a complex interplay of alienation and integration, ultimately tending towards integration. Overall, Lu You's understanding and emotions towards Bashu evolved over time, characterized by a twoway interaction of alienation and integration. Throughout this process, Lu You's poems documented his life and feelings in the Bashu region, and through the dissemination of his poetry, people outside Bashu gained a deeper understanding of the area. An in-depth exploration of Lu You's exile in Bashu not only clarifies his feelings towards Bashu but also provides a better perspective on the culture of the Bashu region during the Song Dynasty.

Traditional interpretations of Cao Cao's Short-Song Ballad: Singing to Wine, influenced by his image in Song and Yuan narratives and a contextual criticism framework, often regard the poem as an expression of his yearning for talented individuals and frustration over unfulfilled ambitions. However, such readings fail to address three critical dimensions: first, the "intertextuality" embedded within the poem; second, the emotional divergence between the poetic and real -world spaces; and third, the impact of Confucian thought on shaping aristocratic personalities during the late Eastern Han Dynasty. These omissions dissolve the emotional contradictions and tensions within the text. Short-Song Ballad: Singing to Wine essentially reflects Cao Cao's attachment to the ethos of the scholar-official class. Internally, the poem conveys Cao Cao's pursuit of a stable social and ethical structure and his disillusionment with the absence of a "wise ruler" in the real world. Externally, the thematic coherence across the poem series and the influence of the "wandering immortal poetry" tradition highlight Cao Cao's aspiration for the scholar-official identity.

Identity consciousness has consistently served as the spiritual foundation of Zhang Wei's novel creations. Among the strategies employed to convey identity features, the "animal faces" has emerged as a significant vehicle for expressing Zhang Wei's identity consciousness. His novels communicate the plausible existence of "animal faces" and the profound identity consciousness they engender through the depiction of human-animal interactions and the tendency towards their identity homogenization. The "shared suffering" of humans and animals crystallizes the nucleus of their resonating identity consciousness. Based on this, the presented identity consciousness and ethics collectively foster a humanistic spirit of broader implications, resonating with Zhang Wei's identities as a "humanist" and a "guardian of the earth".

The three carving arts of Huizhou represent an artistic form materialized from the spiritual needs of people within a specific social context and are closely tied to Huizhou's distinctive spiritual climate and social environment. These arts reflect various aspects of the economic, cultural, and social development of the Huizhou region during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They embody a fusion of mind and matter and a cultural identity that evolves with the times. In addition, they offer a multidimensional display of the material culture of Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, showcasing its vibrant appeal. Through an analysis of their context, we can delve deeply into the spiritual climate of Huizhou and the social context in which the three carving arts were formed, providing a clearer understanding of the historical characteristics rooted in that era. This exploration not only sheds light on the mechanisms through which social contexts influence art but also holds positive significance for the preservation and promotion of China's outstanding traditional culture.

The "eclecticism" advocated by Saint -Saens in his piano compositions reflects both his adherence to classical techniques and his integration of contemporary trends, enabling his works to directly express the unique humanistic sentiments of French music. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this article takes Allegro Appassionato, Op. 70, as its focus, analyzing its form and connotation through specific manifestations of creative thought and artistic value. The aim is to uncover the causes and developmental trajectory of the concept of "eclecticism". As a philosophical idea, "eclecticism" intertwines philosophical thinking and musical ideals, embodying "artistic synesthesia" as a universally interconnected whole. This research provides novel insights and value references for the exploration of piano composition styles, offering a fresh perspective for the innovative transformation and development of the musical arts.

Lin Yutang devoted his entire life to writing and translating, and has made outstanding contributions to "telling foreigners about Chinese culture". By examining and combing Lin Yutang's translation thought and related discourse on translation in the paratexts of his works, three main features of his translation thought can be extracted from his translation practice, namely, the view of harmony by adhering to "faithfulness, smoothness and beauty", the view of empathy by "striking a chord with readers" and the view of integration by promoting the exchanges and mutual understanding between Chinese and Western cultures. These features highlight the holistic, other-oriented, and dialogical nature of Lin Yutang's translation thoughts, thereby providing a source of ideas, strategic reference value, and cultural confidence for the current Chinese Culture Going Out.

Based on Fairclough's three-dimensional discourse analysis model and with the help of AntConc 4.0, this study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the linguistic features and the constructed national economic image in the English translations of the economic themes in the Government Work Reports(2018—2023). It also explores the ideological factors underlying this image. The investigation reveals that the national economic image shaped in the English translations predominantly displays characteristics of proactiveness, human-centeredness, regional synergy, pragmatic responsibility, green innovation, and steady development. These features are primarily influenced by the political nature of the text, the authoritative and transparent generation and dissemination mechanism, the Chinese government's philosophy of sustainable and mutually beneficial development in the economic field, and the translator's strategy of adhering to the original text to effectively communicate the country's development objectives and values. This research aims to contribute to the construction of China's positive national economic image and offers fresh methods and perspectives for interpreting the nation's economic image.

Utilizing a Chinese-English parallel corpus, this paper examines the English translations of Ming and Qing dynasties furniture terms in A Dream of Red Mansions, adopting Toury's translation norms theory to analyze the approaches by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, and by David Hawkes and John Minford. The analysis reveals that both translations predominantly use foreignizing strategies, demonstrating a preference for adequate translation, yet they differ in specific translation techniques due to their adherence to different translation norms. The study suggests that for translating Chinese classical furniture terms—whether generic terms without distinct cultural features, specific terms not present in the target culture, or collective terms—translators should consider the context thoroughly and choose appropriate methods such as transliteration, omission, or adaptation. This approach aims to promote the international recognition and understanding of Chinese classical furniture and its cultural significance.

Based on the literature analysis and reference to domestic and foreign measurement tools related to teaching engagement, a questionnaire on the teaching engagement among applied university teachers was developed, which includes three factors: time engagement, behavioral engagement and emotional engagement. A survey was conducted using random sampling among 2 207 teachers across 31 provinces nationwide. The reliability and validity tests of the survey data show that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and structural validity; confirmatory factor analysis validates the theoretical model's structure. To ensure the scientific assessment of teaching engagement at applied universities, the study delineated a practical pathway for the evaluation system, which includes defining evaluation indicators, innovating evaluation methods, scientifically implementing evaluations, dynamizing the evaluation process, and effectively utilizing the results.

To enhance the public's understanding of artificial intelligence, this paper studies and proposes a multilevel, multi-dimensional, and multi-format innovative paradigm for artificial intelligence science popularization education, aiming to leverage the professional knowledge, teaching experience, and research capabilities of university educators to construct a systematic science popularization education paradigm. The paradigm customizes science popularization content for multi-level audiences such as teenagers, university students, and the general public, integrates multi-dimensional educational methods including online and offline, in-class and extracurricular, theoretical and practical approaches, and establishes a multi-format system of science popularization activities including tours, hosting significant events, and technology-driven poverty alleviation. This paradigm not only emphasizes the integration of theory and practice, but also highlights interdisciplinary collaboration and diverse teaching methods to meet the needs of different audiences. Through a series of case studies and practical activities, this approach effectively disseminates AI knowledge across various social strata, helping to foster a healthy, rational, and harmonious social atmosphere.