巢湖学院学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 39-48.doi: 10.12152/j.issn.1672-2868.2022.05.005

• 政法与社会 • 上一篇    下一篇

马克思早期思想中的地产问题——从《黑格尔法哲学批判》到《德意志意识形态》

冯德超:南京师范大学 公共管理学院   

  1. 南京师范大学 公共管理学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-12-16
  • 作者简介:冯德超(1998—),男,上海人,南京师范大学公共管理学院硕士研究生,主要从事马克思主义哲学研究。

The Land Estate Problem in Marx's Early Thoughts: From Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right to German Ideology

FENG De-chao:School of Public Administration, Nanjing Normal University   

  1. School of Public Administration, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210023
  • Received:2022-01-13 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-12-16

摘要: 地产问题是理解马克思早期思想发展和历史唯物主义生成过程的重要理论线索。在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,马克思通过对黑格尔长子继承制下的世传地产进行批判,不仅确证了私有财产决定国家的现实,还揭露了黑格尔世传地产的封建本性。这开启了他对地产问题的思考。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思进一步发展了自己对地产问题的理解。他先以对封建地产与资本主义地产的比较为基础,再将资本主义地产作为切入点,从而使自己对资本主义社会的认识从第一笔记本中的表象性认识提升为第二、第三笔记本中的本质性认识。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思不再像之前一样外在地将地产当作他理解社会运作规律的切入点,而是将地产与历史发展内在地结合起来。这体现为他在历史唯物主义原则和城乡对立视角下阐述了地产在资本主义社会的历史生成中所起到的动力作用,从而科学地对地产问题作出了解答。青年时期的马克思正是通过对地产认识的深化,开启了自己对资产阶级经济学家和理论家的批判,并使自己的学说从唯心主义转变为从现实历史出发的一般唯物主义,进而构建起历史唯物主义。

关键词: 封建地产, 资本主义地产, 《黑格尔法哲学批判》, 《德意志意识形态》

Abstract: The land estate problem is an important theoretical clue to understand the development of Marx's early thoughts and the formation process of historical materialism. In Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law, Marx not only confirmed the reality that private property determines the state, but also exposed the feudal nature of Hegel's heredium by criticizing the heredium under Hegel's primogeniture. It started his thinking on land estate issues. In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx further developed his understanding of the land estate problem. Based on the comparison of feudal land estate and capitalist land estate, he took capitalist land estate as an entry point, so as to improve his understanding of capitalist society from the superficial understanding in the first notebook to the essential knowledge in the second and third notebooks. In German Ideology, Marx no longer regarded land estate as an entry point for his understanding of the laws of social operation as before, but combined land estate with historical development. This is reflected in his expounding the dynamic role of land estate in the historical formation of capitalist society from the perspective of historical materialism and the contrast between urban and rural areas, thus scientifically answering the question of land estate. It was through the deepening of his understanding of real estate in his youth that Marx started his critique of bourgeois economists and theorists, and changed his theory from idealism to general materialism based on real history, and then constructed the historical materialism.

Key words: feudal estate, capitalist land estate, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, German Ideology

中图分类号: 

  • A81