Abstract: The interactive influence of politics and education is reflected in the evolution of primary school layout in Hefei County in the early period of Nanjing National Government（1927—1931）. Under the "province-prefecturecounty" three-level administrative division of Beiyang Government（1912—1928）, there were at least 100 primary schools in Hefei County. Their urban-rural ratio was about 29.9%, and their ownerships were complicated. After the establishment of Nanjing National Government, the local political structure was re-established. In this context, the number of primary schools in Hefei County was reduced to 67, and the urban-rural ratio of primary schools was increased slightly; there was a trend of primary schools becoming public schools, but the actual situation was still complicated. During this period, many primary schools formed school districts, and different school districts formed local educational administrative divisions in Hefei County, which became the basis of local administrative divisions in Hefei County, and directly affected the local administrative structure of Feidong, Feixi and Changfeng counties.

Key words: the early period of Nanjing National Government, Hefei County, layout of primary schools