Abstract: Zhang Zhijiang experienced the situation of banning opium in Late Qing and Early Republican China. He was deeply aware of the harm of opium, and advocated the complete banning of opium in the spirit of revolution. He proposed that the first thing to banning policy is to ban planting, and the priority is to arouse the awareness of the people. Therefore, he organized anti-opium committee, ended local anti-opium bureaus, set up anti-opium memorial day, mobilized the Christian priests to assist in anti-smoking, and advocated paying equal attention to opium and Chinese Wushu. Zhang Zhijiang's thought and practice of banning opium to a certain extent played a role in the adjustment and transformation of Nanjing National Government's early opium prohibition policy, but due to the political reality, there were also some limitations, and the practice of banning opium ended in failure.

Key words: Zhang Zhijiang, thought of banning opium, practice of banning opium