巢湖学院学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 93-99.doi: 10.12152/j.issn.1672-2868.2019.05.013
在东西分立的背景下，东魏、北齐有意识地通过对官僚体系的治理来提升国力。北魏后期至北齐初期，地方县令多为武人和厮役。东魏及北齐前期已有整顿吏治的提议，但由于局势动乱和勋贵豪右抵制，均未成行。随着高氏父子对勋贵的打击和北齐汉化的加深，吏治得到逐步改善。北齐中期，国家衰落推动了政治革新，元文遥提出“士人为县”。“士人为县”是北齐整顿地方吏治的措施之一，也使高欢时受打压的地方大族有所恢复。但“士人为县”并未形成一项完整的制度，影响有限，北齐后期的地方吏治糜烂不堪，地方县令甚至有商贾出身。东魏、北齐采取一些手段短时期内优化了官僚结构，但是整体上政治始终未能走上正轨，未能形成一套成熟的治理体系。
Against the background of the separation of the country, the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi consciously promoted the national strength through the governance of the bureaucratic system. From the late northern Wei dynasty to the early northern Qi dynasty, most of county magistrate were soldiers and fellow servants. Eastern Wei and the early northern Qi had proposed to improve the bureaucracy, but they failed due to the war and opposition of local power. With the weakening of the nobility by Gaohuan and his sons and the deepening of sinicization, management had been improved gradually. In the middle northern Qi, national decline promoted the political innovation. Yuan Wenyao proposed "The scholars for county". "The scholars for county" is one of the measures that northern Qi took to improve the local bureaucracy. It let the local power which had been weakened in Gaohuan era recover. But "the scholars for county" had not formed a complete system and its impact was limited. The bureaucracy of late Northern Qi became more chaotic, and local magistrate even came from businessmen.The Eastern Wei and Northern Qi adopted some means to optimize the bureaucratic structure in a short period of time, but overall the politics was not on the right track and failed to form a mature governance system.
摘要： 在东西分立的背景下，东魏、北齐有意识地通过对官僚体系的治理来提升国力。北魏后期至北齐初期，地方县令多为武人和厮役。东魏及北齐前期已有整顿吏治的提议，但由于局势动乱和勋贵豪右抵制，均未成行。随着高氏父子对勋贵的打击和北齐汉化的加深，吏治得到逐步改善。北齐中期，国家衰落推动了政治革新，元文遥提出“士人为县”。“士人为县”是北齐整顿地方吏治的措施之一，也使高欢时受打压的地方大族有所恢复。但“士人为县”并未形成一项完整的制度，影响有限，北齐后期的地方吏治糜烂不堪，地方县令甚至有商贾出身。东魏、北齐采取一些手段短时期内优化了官僚结构，但是整体上政治始终未能走上正轨，未能形成一套成熟的治理体系。
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