巢湖学院学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 1-6.doi: 10.12152/j.issn.1672-2868.2019.03.001
针对河流重金属污染问题，以巢湖小流域为例，分析了表层沉积物中有机质、全氮、总磷及6种重金属（Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb）含量及空间分布，采用重金属富集系数法和主成分分析对重金属来源进行解析，利用污染严重度指数和潜在生态危害指数对重金属生态风险进行评价。结果表明，表层沉积物中有机质平均含量为162 g·kg-1，全氮平均含量为3707.2 mg·kg-1，总磷平均含量为2007.4 mg·kg-1，Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb平均含量分别为51.66，22.97，36.41，7.68，0.40，33.14 mg·kg-1。沉积物中Cu、Cd、Pb 存在不同程度富集，且与人类活动关系密切。沉积物中Cd 污染程度较高，重金属潜在风险等级为中等，但总体环境污染程度轻微。
In view of the problem of heavy metals in river sediments, the contents and spatial distribution of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb) in surface sediments were analyzed, which were acquired from Chaohu small basin. The sources of heavy metals were analyzed by the method of heavy metal enrichment coefficient and principal component analysis, and the ground accumulation index and potential were utilized. The ecological risk of heavy metals was evaluated by ecological hazard index. The results showed that the average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface sediments were 162 g·kg-1, 3707.2 mg·kg-1, 2007.4 mg·kg-1.The average contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb were 51.66, 22.97, 36.41, 7.68, 0.40, 33.14 mg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of Cu, Cd and Pb were 1.73, 6.01 and 1.26 times higher than the background values of surface soil in Anhui Province. Cu, Cd, Pb in the sediments have varying degrees of enrichment, and they are closely related to human activities. The degree of Cd pollution in sediments is high, and the potential risk grade of heavy metals is medium, but the overall environmental pollution is mild.
摘要： 针对河流重金属污染问题，以巢湖小流域为例，分析了表层沉积物中有机质、全氮、总磷及6种重金属（Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb）含量及空间分布，采用重金属富集系数法和主成分分析对重金属来源进行解析，利用污染严重度指数和潜在生态危害指数对重金属生态风险进行评价。结果表明，表层沉积物中有机质平均含量为162 g·kg-1，全氮平均含量为3707.2 mg·kg-1，总磷平均含量为2007.4 mg·kg-1，Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb平均含量分别为51.66，22.97，36.41，7.68，0.40，33.14 mg·kg-1。沉积物中Cu、Cd、Pb 存在不同程度富集，且与人类活动关系密切。沉积物中Cd 污染程度较高，重金属潜在风险等级为中等，但总体环境污染程度轻微。
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