Achieving high-quality development in enterprises requires not only the support of the external environment but also the leadership and impetus from internal managers. This paper selects a sample of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2022 to empirically test the impact of managerial ability and organizational resilience on the high-quality development of enterprises and the internal mechanisms. The findings are as follows:Managerial ability significantly positively influences the high-quality development of enterprises. Organizational resilience serves as a mediating role between managerial ability and high-quality development of enterprises, whereby managers leverage their comprehensive abilities to enhance organizational resilience, thus promoting high-quality development. Environmental uncertainty weakens the positive relationship between managerial ability and organizational resilience, while digital transformation of enterprises strengthens the positive impact of managerial ability on high-quality development. This study enriches the research on the mechanisms of managerial ability, organizational resilience, and high-quality development of enterprises, providing strong theoretical support and practical guidance. It helps enterprises to seize development opportunities in the new era and also provides a scientific basis and reference for government policy-making.