The teaching philosophy of "moral education first" has always been at the center of university education, yet its effective implementation remains a significant challenge. This paper systematically explores the connotation of student-centered moral education in higher education institutions, analyzing the increasingly severe ideological, moral, and ethical issues faced by college students and their current circumstances. It proposes a practical framework for student-centered moral education in the new era from four dimensions: guiding the moral education goal system with socialist core values, enriching the moral norm system with contemporary elements, fostering students' autonomy through practical activities, and directing the moral education process with individualized approaches.