Landscape gene theory has been widely applied in the protection and inheritance of traditional settlements. This study aims to provide effective guidance for the protection and inheritance of traditional ancient towns through the expression of gene maps. Taking Beizha Old Street in Zhegao Ancient Town, Anhui Province, as an example, and in accordance with landscape gene theory, the paper analyzes the architecture, environment, culture, and layout of Beizha Old Street to reveal the characteristics and intrinsic connections of its landscape genes. It explores the landscape renovation design of the ancient town based on landscape gene theory. Specific renovation design strategies, methods, and implementation plans are proposed based on the actual situation of Beizha Old Street. The aim is to provide theoretical and design reference from the perspective of protection and design for ancient towns. Through a comprehensive design approach, the study addresses the original layout and functional issues of the old street, enhances its cultural characteristics and ecological value, and lays a foundation for its sustainable development in the future.