After the Battle of Nanjing, most of the central and northern parts of Anhui province were successively occupied by the Japanese army. Countless compatriots became refugees, including a large number of children. As an important rear area of the southeast battlefield, the southern Anhui KMT-controlled area was faced with the urgent issue of relief for displaced children. For this reason, the national government of southern Anhui set up a special relief agency, promulgated relevant relief regulations and measures, and carried out relief and education work for children in need together with non -governmental charity organizations and charitable public figures. Although there were many shortcomings, the effort was still great progress in children welfare in southern Anhui at that time. Exploring the relief effort for displaced children in southern Anhui during the early period of the Total Anti-Japanese War by analyzing the relevant archives with empirical research methods, could expand the research on the history of Anhui Anti-Japanese War.