The Sino-Japanese Trade Ship Renewal in 1903 provided that after the retreat of foreign troops who had guarded the consulates and roads, Beijing would open a Trading Zone. However, foreign countries did not fulfill the provisions of the treaty. Instead, they allowed their merchants to live and trade in Beijing, forming a special trade zone. The opening of the Trading Zone in Beijing seriously infringed on China’s sovereignty, and successive Chinese governments firmly opposed it and fought against it. A study on this issue with archival materials and related works can not only deepen the understanding of the special nature of Beijing Trading Zone, but also effectively reveal the nature of foreign powers’ infringement beyond the treaty.