Based on the target of pre-service training of physical education (PE) teachers in primary and secondary schools in China under the strategy of strengthening China by sports, this paper explores the current situation of pre-service training of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools in China, and finds that there exist actual dilemmas, such as insufficient target transformation from "physical education teacher" to "physical education and health teacher", curriculum as a discipline system rather than a capability system, weak cooperative education mechanism in practice teaching, and weak educational atmosphere in traditional sports culture. According to the needs of building a sports power, this paper puts forward the necessary paths of pre-service training of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools in the new era: changing the target and specifications of the pre-service training; optimizing the curriculum structure and content of pre-service training; improving the practical education ecosystem of pre-service training; and building the traditional sports culture education platform.