In April 1912, a criminal case of a Japanese murdering a Chinese occurred in Shanghai concession, which aroused heated public discussion and concern. At that time, the Republic of China was in its infancy. With the regime change, the internal and external situations were complicated. After China's efforts, the case was finally won by China, and the Japanese were sentenced to life imprisonment and compensation. To a certain extent, the result safeguarded national and civil rights, and provided a reference for the future handling of similar cases. Through this case, we can see the efforts of modern Chinese people to maximize their rights and interests under the restriction of consular jurisdiction. It provides a new perspective for the study of consular jurisdiction.