Abstract: The land estate problem is an important theoretical clue to understand the development of Marx's early thoughts and the formation process of historical materialism. In Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law, Marx not only confirmed the reality that private property determines the state, but also exposed the feudal nature of Hegel's heredium by criticizing the heredium under Hegel's primogeniture. It started his thinking on land estate issues. In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx further developed his understanding of the land estate problem. Based on the comparison of feudal land estate and capitalist land estate, he took capitalist land estate as an entry point, so as to improve his understanding of capitalist society from the superficial understanding in the first notebook to the essential knowledge in the second and third notebooks. In German Ideology, Marx no longer regarded land estate as an entry point for his understanding of the laws of social operation as before, but combined land estate with historical development. This is reflected in his expounding the dynamic role of land estate in the historical formation of capitalist society from the perspective of historical materialism and the contrast between urban and rural areas, thus scientifically answering the question of land estate. It was through the deepening of his understanding of real estate in his youth that Marx started his critique of bourgeois economists and theorists, and changed his theory from idealism to general materialism based on real history, and then constructed the historical materialism.

Key words: feudal estate, capitalist land estate, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, German Ideology