建立在还原主义和科层制理论基础上的流域“条块分割”管理体制，使巢湖流域生态环境保护存在治理碎片化的实然困境。一体化保护坚持流域生态整体主义，以流域生态系统管理理论为理论依据、国家政治决断为政策支持以及国内外流域一体化保护经验为实践基础，是巢湖流域生态环境保护的应然路径。从法治实践来看，当前巢湖流域生态环境保护存在结构失衡且体系分散的立法困境、碎片化问题难以克服的执法缺陷，以及跨区域司法模式占据主导的司法难题。未来，遵循流域一体化保护的法治逻辑，应提出制定巢湖流域综合性立法、健全巢湖流域生态环境保护综合执法机制以及完善巢湖流域司法专门化的法治策略，以完善的法治体系护航巢湖流域一体化保护。

The current "segmented management" system in the Chaohu Basin, based on reductionism and bureaucratism, has led to a fragmented governance reality in ecological and environmental protection. Integrated protection adopts the holistic approach to basin ecology, supported by the theory of basin ecosystem management, national political decisions, and both domestic and international experiences in integrated basin protection. This approach is necessary for the ecological and environmental protection of the Chaohu Basin. From a legal practice perspective, there exsit challenges: legislative dilemmas due to structural imbalances and a dispersed system, enforcement difficulties stemming from fragmentation, and judicial issues dominated by cross-regional judicial models. Moving forward, adhering to the rule of law logic for integrated basin protection, it is essential to propose comprehensive legislation for the Chaohu Basin, enhance the comprehensive law enforcement mechanism for ecological and environmental protection, and refine the specialized judicial strategies within the basin. These steps are crucial to a robust legal system that supports the integrated protection of the Chaohu Basin.