农业生产责任制的实施是1978年十一届三中全会后中国农村最重要的经济体制改革，改革促进了生产力的解放和发展。无为县是江淮一带的人口大县，人多地少，农业集体化时期农业发展停滞不前，改革的内在驱动力较为强烈。万里主政安徽时曾多次前往无为考察指导，使得无为农业生产责任制的推进在全省居于前列。通过考察和分析无为县农业生产责任制演进的过程，探讨当时中央、省以及地方上关于责任制改革的态度和措施，以还原无为县农业生产责任制改革的复杂性和曲折性。

The implementation of agricultural production responsibility system is the most important economic system reform in rural China after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, which promoted the liberation and development of productive forces. Wuwei County is located in the Jianghuai area, with a large population and yet inadequate land. During the period of agricultural collectivization, its agricultural development stagnated, so Wuwei County was in urgent need of reform. Wanli went to Wuwei many times to give guidance when he was in charge of Anhui, making Wuwei a pioneer in agricultural production responsibility system reform. Through the investigation and analysis of the evolution process of agricultural production responsibility system in Wuwei County, the paper discusses the attitudes of and measures by the central, provincial and local governments to the responsibility system reform at that time, in order to reveal the complexity and twists of the reform of agricultural production responsibility system in Wuwei County.