《刑法修正案（十一）》（2020）和“两高”发布的《办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（下称《司法解释》（2016））规定了污染环境类想象竞合犯“择一重处断”原则。通过污染环境类想象竞合犯的结构-功能分析，得出“择一重处断”原则并不能“全面”评价污染环境类想象竞合犯行为及其侵害的对象、权益等。据此，从刑法基础和刑事政策基础出发，将污染环境类想象竞合犯司法处断原则重新界定为“择一重综合处断”原则，并展开其在定罪、量刑上的适用和提出司法文书释明的建议。文章还进一步研究了污染环境类罪名未被作为重罪名定罪时污染环境类想象竞合犯“择一重综合处断”的特有内容和形式。

The Criminal Law Amendment (11)(2020) and the Interpretation of Certain Questions of the Law Applying to Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution (hereinafter referred to as "Judicial Interpretation" (2016)) issued by the "Two Highs" provide for the principle of "punishment for the most serious crime" for imaginative joinder of offenses in environmental pollution category. Through the structural analysis of the imaginative joinder of offenses in environmental pollution category, it is concluded that the principle can't "comprehensively" evaluate the behavior of imaginative joinder of offenses and the offended objects and infringed rights and interests. Accordingly, starting from the basis of criminal law and criminal policy, the study redefines the principle of judicial punishment for imaginative joinder of offenses in environmental pollution category as the principle of "comprehensive punishment for the most serious crime", and expands its application in conviction, sentencing and puts forward the requirements for the interpretation of judicial instruments. When the crime of polluting the environment has not been convicted as a serious crime, the study further explores the special content and form of "comprehensive punishment for the most serious crime" for imaginative joinder of offenses in environmental pollution category.