健康大数据背景下如何有效保护患者医疗数据安全，减少及杜绝隐私泄露，是当前需要思考及研究的重要问题。通过问卷对安徽省患者隐私保护意识、有无隐私泄露及影响、医疗信息保护意识和措施等方面进行调查，旨在为健康大数据分析、挖掘提供更有针对性的数据共享和隐私保护依据。调查发现患者隐私保护意识整体较高，被调查者在愿意医疗信息共享的同时又对隐私泄露表现了担心，隐私泄露问题时有存在并对当事人造成了影响，被调查者对法律法规的了解、使用、信任度不高。健康大数据背景下患者隐私保护需要政府、个人、各级医疗机构等多方面共同努力。

Against the background of health big data, how to effectively protect the safety of patients' medical data and reduce and eliminate privacy leakage is an important issue that needs to be considered and studied at present. This paper investigates patients' awareness of privacy protection, whether there is privacy leakage and impact, awareness and measures of medical information protection in Anhui Province through questionnaires, aiming to provide more targeted data sharing and privacy protection basis for health big data analysis. The survey found that patients have a high awareness of privacy protection, and the respondents are willing to share medical information, but they are worried about privacy leakage. Privacy leakage often exists and has an impact on the relevant parties and the respondents have little understanding, use or trust of related laws and regulations. In the era of health big data, patient privacy protection needs the joint efforts of the government, individuals and medical institutions at all levels.