当前扩大内需的关键在于释放农村居民消费潜力，基础设施是乡村振兴战略实施的基石和依托，在此背景下考查交通基础设施对农村居民消费的提升作用极具现实意义。文章基于2003—2018年安徽省16个地级市的面板数据，实证研究了交通基础设施与农村居民人均消费支出的关系，结果显示：交通基础设施进程的加快能显著提高农村居民消费支出，且在短期内这种推动作用更为突出，长期效应的发挥依赖于配套设施的跟进；分区域研究表明，交通基础设施对落后地区农村居民消费的影响更明显。因此，进一步完善农村交通基础设施，打破制约农村地区持续发展的瓶颈，应成为贯彻乡村振兴战略的应有之义。

At present, the key to expanding domestic demand is to release the consumption potential of rural residents. Infrastructure is the cornerstone and support of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. In this context, examining the role of transportation infrastructure in boosting rural residents' consumption is of practical significance. Based on the panel data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2003 to 2018, this paper empirically studies the relationship between transportation infrastructure and per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents. The results show that the acceleration of the transportation infrastructure process can significantly increase the consumption expenditure of rural residents. In the short term, this driving effect is more prominent, and the long-term effect depends on the follow-up of supporting facilities; sub-regional research shows that the impact of transportation infrastructure on rural residents' consumption in backward areas is more obvious. Therefore, further improving the rural transportation infrastructure and breaking the bottlenecks that restrict the sustainable development of rural areas should become the proper meaning of implementing the rural revitalization strategy.