采用表面活性剂辅助水热法制备了针铁矿（α-FeOOH），采用X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对其相组成和形貌等进行了研究，系统揭示了水热反应温度、水热反应时间以及不同表面活性剂等因素对合成α-FeOOH纯度的影响。研究表明，不添加表面活性剂无α-FeOOH相的生成，只有Fe₂O₃相；添加0.2 g~0.3 g的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为表面活性剂，在180℃下反应2 h的水热反应温度条件下可制得物相纯度高、结晶程度高、粗细均匀的纳米棒状针铁矿。

In this study, acicular goethite FeOOH was prepared via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method,and the phase composition and morphology of the FeOOH specimens were studied by means of XRD, SEM and TEM. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time and different surfactants on the structure and the purity of FeOOH specimens were investigated systematically. It was found that only the Fe2O3 phase but no FeOOH phase can be found in the specimen if not using the addition of any surfactant. The best experimental conditions for the high-purity, high-crystallization and uniform -FeOOH are that the CTAB   cetyltrimethylammonium bromide of 0.2 g or 0.3 g was used as the surfactant, and the temperature conditions were at 180 reaction 2 h.